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Articles/Submissions for Thermal Physics
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submitted by boywholived (450 m) on 14 Apr 2012 15:12:15 IST
                        PLAY WITH GRAPHS  Please click like and comment the graph which you like.Try to find some relationship between graphs i.e y=x^2 and sin x and (sin x)^2 .Let your mind and brain blossomTell me the graphs that you want to display   Graph for sin(x) -32-30-28-26-24-22-20-18-16-14-12-10-8-6-4-22468101214161820222426283032 -3.5-3-2.5-2-1.5-1-0.50.511.522.533.5 x: 10.5139131y: -0.88622658       Graph for cos(?x)   ...

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submitted by Mayank Mittal (25 m) on 23 Apr 2012 12:01:57 IST
Einstein's Theory of Relativity states that ,  "Agar ek ladke ke haath par kisi ladki ka haath ho to ek ghanta bhi ek minute ki tarah guzarta hai aur agar ek haath ek garam tave pe rakha ho to ek minute bhi ek ghanta ke barabar guzarta hai. "Best Explanation of Albert Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity rate if you like   ...

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submitted by boywholived (450 m) on 22 Apr 2012 17:37:30 IST
 Source Wikipedia.Don't forget to click like if you find it interestingMillennium Prize ProblemsFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia  This article is about the math prizes. For the technology prize, see Millennium Technology Prize.The seven problems are:The Millennium Prize Problems are seven problems in mathematics that were stated by theClay Mathematics Institute in 2000. As of March 2012, six of the problems remain unsolved. A correct solution to any of the problems results in a US$1,000,000 prize (sometimes called aMillennium Prize) being awarded by the institute. The Poincaré conjecture, the onl   ...

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submitted by Pratrick (0 m) on 12 Aug 2011 21:02:03 IST
go4iit.com is a leading educational firm actively involved in providing educational services of free of cost. go4iit.com is India's first educational portal offering completely free solutions for preparation of IIT-JEE and other engineering entrance exams.TOI -NOIDA – 07-August-2011 –A Noida based online management company Abstract Consultancy provides end to end services in leads solutions, competition analysis, market insights, lead generation and sales channel development. The company combines a unique service portfolio with a revolutionary execution model that provides up to 40% reduction in the cost and faster turnaround time.The organizati   ...

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submitted by edison (8935 m) on 25 May 2011 10:46:19 IST
 Problem 6.Even if a man shows no visible perspiration he still evaporates about 500 grams of water per day from his lungs. How many calories of heat are removed by this evaporation? What is the rate of heat loss in watts due to this process? Solution:First we calculate the energy (heat) required to evaporate the water in SI units.The SI unit of mass is kg. We need to convert 500 g in kg: . The heat required to vaporize the water is determined by the specific latent heat of vaporization:The specific latent heat of vaporization (in SI units) is 2260000 J/kg. Then Now we can convert the energy (expressed in joules) into calories. We   ...

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submitted by edison (8935 m) on 25 May 2011 10:45:20 IST
 Problem 4.If ice has a density of , then what is the volume of 5,000 g of ice? Solution:The mass of ice is given in grams. The correct SI unit of the mass is kilogram (kg). We convert the mass of ice into kg:Now we need to use the relation between the mass of the object ( ) , its density ( ), and its volume ( ):From this expression we can find the volume of the ice: Problem 5.An ice cube having a mass of 50 grams and an initial temperature of -10 degreesCelsius is placed in 400 grams of 40 degrees Celsius water. What is the final temperature of the mixture if the effects of the container can be n   ...

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submitted by edison (8935 m) on 25 May 2011 10:44:34 IST
 Problem 1.A rapidly spinning paddle wheel raises the temperature of 200mL of water from 21 degrees Celsius to 25 degrees. How much a) work is done and b) heat is transferred in this process? Solution:In this problem the work is done by the friction force. All the work will go to increase the internal energy of the water, which can be calculated as:Where  - specific heat of water, . There are no heat transfer in the process. Problem 2.The temperature of a body is increased from -173 C to 357 C. What is the ratio of energies emitted by the body per second in these two cases? Solution:In this problem we need to use the Stefan&nd   ...

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submitted by edison (8935 m) on 30 Dec 2010 17:27:31 IST
    The potential energy of the molecules in a substance is an indicator of their state: solid, liquid, or gas. If only the potential energy of the molecules in a body is increased, the absolute temperature of the substance   increases decreases remains the same (Ans)   ...

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submitted by edison (8935 m) on 16 Mar 2011 10:44:46 IST
 In thermodynamics, a thermodynamic system is said to be in thermodynamic equilibrium when it is in thermal equilibrium, mechanical equilibrium, radiative equilibrium, and chemical equilibrium. The word equilibrium means a state of balance. In an equilibrium state, there are no unbalanced potentials (or driving forces) within the system. A system that is in equilibrium experiences no changes when it is isolated from its surroundings. The opposite of equilibrium systems are nonequilibrium systems that are instantaneously off balance. Thermodynamics   ...

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submitted by edison (8935 m) on 29 Jan 2011 18:39:40 IST
 Heat Engine A heat engine is a device that converts thermal energy into useable, mechanical work. Engines complete a cycle in which they receive heat from a high-temperature, "hot reservoir," convert part of it to useable work, and exhaust the remainder to a low-temperature, "cold reservoir."  According to the law of conservation of energy, this process can be written mathematically as Qin = Wdone + QoutQhot = Wdone + Qcold You can remember this formula if you model a car's operation.   Qin is in the chemical energy found in the gasoline you buy work   ...

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submitted by edison (8935 m) on 29 Jan 2011 18:37:01 IST
  State Variables   When examining PV graphs, state variables are ones that always maintain a constant value at a given position on a PV graph. These variables are:   P, V, T, U, and S   Recall from the ideal gas law that PV = nRT. If n, the amount of gas, does not change, then PV ∝ T. We can use this relationship to determine how the temperatures at different positions on a PV-diagram would compare. For example, on the PV-diagram shown below, we can determine that the temperature at point A is lower than the temperature at point B by compari   ...

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submitted by edison (8935 m) on 29 Jan 2011 18:32:20 IST
 The 1st Law of Thermodynamics This law is a restatement of the law of conservation of energy. ΔU = Q + W  ΔU represents the net change in the internal energy of the gas Q represents the net heat added (+) or removed (-) from a confined gas W is work done by the confined gas (-) or on the confined gas (+) For a gas, the change in its internal energy, ΔU, is directly proportional to the change in its temperature measured in Kelvin. ΔU = (3/2)nRΔT for a monatomic gasΔU = (5/2)nRΔT for a diatomic gas This means that ΔU only reflects a change in the kinetic energy of th   ...

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submitted by edison (8935 m) on 29 Jan 2011 18:23:14 IST
  The Kinetic Theory of Gases relates the temperature of a gas and the average mechanical energies of its individual molecules. This law is usually stated as:   average translational KEmolecule = (3/2)kBT ½vrms2 = (3/2)kBT  is the mass of one gas molecule,  = M/NA v is the statistical average, or root-mean-square (rms), velocity of an individual molecule  = R/NA = 1.38 x 10-23 J/K and is known as Boltzmann's constant T is the absolute temperature of the gas m   ...

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submitted by edison (8935 m) on 29 Jan 2011 18:18:12 IST
  Let's practice several problems that will allow you to become familiar with these formulas.   Refer to the following information for the next two questions. An unknown quantity of oxygen occupies 0.02 m3 at one atmosphere of pressure (1 atm = 101 kPa), and 5 ºC.   What will be its new volume if the pressure is increased to 108 kPa and its temperature is also changed to 30 &   ...

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submitted by edison (8935 m) on 29 Jan 2011 18:16:08 IST
  An ideal gas is defined as a gas in which the molecules can be considered as "point masses" thereby taking up negligible volume compared to the volume of the container. No significant forces, intermolecular interactions, exist between the molecules except during collisions which are considered to be perfectly elastic. All real gases that are far removed from conditions at which they condense, low temperatures or high pressures, display nearly ideal behavior.   Avagadro's Number:  NA = 6.022 x 1023   The number of carbon atoms in   ...

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submitted by integralspectrum (0 m) on 26 Jan 2011 11:28:17 IST
It is well known that the first derivative of position (symbol x) with respect to time is velocity (symbol v) and the second is acceleration (symbol a).  It is a little less well known that the third derivative, i.e. the rate of change of acceleration, is technically known as jerk (symbol j).  Jerk is a vector but may also be used loosely as a scalar quantity because there is not a separate term for the magnitude of jerk analogous to speed for magnitude of velocity. In the UK jolt has sometimes been used instead of jerk and may be equally acceptable.   ...

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submitted by edison (8935 m) on 6 Sep 2010 11:53:41 IST
 Thermodynamics-Entropy   IntroductionEntropy is a measure of the quality of energy and how usable it is....Entropy (S)is very difficult to visualise because it does not represent anything tangible.   The entropy increase δS is the heat transfer to a substance δQ divided by the absolute temperature of the substance (T) during a reversible heat-transfer process.   At the very simplest level , on a plot of Absolute Temperature (T) against Entropy (Q/T = S) for a reversible cyclic process (as shown below) the area enclosed = Q Note: The reversible cyclic p   ...

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submitted by . (1092 m) on 27 Aug 2010 17:06:55 IST
In the history of science, Laplace's demon is a thought experiment described by Pierre-Simon Laplace in a paper published in 1814 involving a hypothetical entity envisioned such that if it knew the precise location and momentum of every atom in the universe then it could use deterministic principles to reveal the entire course of cosmic events, past and future.Laplace conceptualized causal determinism, which he expressed in the following quotation from the introduction to the Essai:We may regard the present state of the universe as the effect of its past and the cause of its future. An intellect which at a certain moment would know all forces that set nature in   ...

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submitted by ranjodhbedi BEDI (636 m) on 17 Aug 2010 13:50:59 IST
Table of universal constants Quantity v • d • e Symbol Value Relative Standard Uncertainty speed of light in vacuum 299 792 458 m·s−1 defined Newtonian constant of gravitation 6.67428(67)×10−11 m3·kg−1·s−2 1.0 × 10−4 Planck constant 6.626 068 96(33) × 10−34 J·s 5.0 &time   ...

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submitted by Ritu (0 m) on 23 Jul 2010 11:11:11 IST
 The Loop Rule (or Kirchoff's Voltage Law) The rule states that " the sum of potential difference across all the circuit elements along a closed loop in a circuit is zeroΣV=0 in a closed loop Kirchoff's loop rule is based on the law of conservation of energy becuase total amount of energy gained and losed by a charge round a trip in a closed loop is zero when applying this kirchoff's loop rule in any DC circuit,we first choose a closed loop in a circuit that we are analyzing Next thing we have to decide is that whether we will traverse the loop in a clockwise direction or in anticlockwise direction and the answer is that ,the   ...

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